Resources: Publication
Background on Authorship
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Criteria for Authorship
- [Anonymous] (1985): Editorial consensus on authorship and other matters. Lancet ii (8455):595.
- Biagioli M (1998): The instability of authorship: credit and responsibility in contemporary biomedicine. FASEB Journal 12:3-16.
- Caelleigh AS (1991): Credit and responsibility in authorship. Academic Medicine 66: 676-677.
- Cohen J (1995): The culture of credit. Science 268(5218):1706-11.
- Conrad CC (1990): Authorship, acknowledgment, and other credits. In: Ethics and policy in scientific publication. CSE Editorial Policy Committee, Bethesda, MD: Council of Biology Editors, Inc, pp 184-187.
- Digiusto E (1994): Equity in authorship: a strategy for assigning credit when publishing. Social Science and Medicine 38(1):55-8.
- Fotion N, Conrad CC (1984): Authorship and other credits. Ann Intern Med 100:592-594.
- Fye WB (1990): Medical authorship: traditions, trends, and tribulations. Annals of Internal Medicine 113: 317-325.
- Huth EJ (1986): Guidelines on authorship of medical papers. Annals of Internal Medicine 104: 269-274.
- Huth EJ (1986): Irresponsible authorship and wasteful publication. Ann Intern Med 104:257-259.
- Institute of Medicine, Committee on the Responsible Conduct of Research (1989): The responsible conduct of research in the health sciences. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science Press.
- International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (1997): Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals. Ann Intern Med. 126:36-47; JAMA 1997; 277:927-34.
Updated October 2001 at: http://www.icmje.org
- Riesenberg D, Lundberg GE (1990): The order of authorship: who's on first? JAMA 264: 1857.
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Studies of Authorship Practices
- Bebeau MJ, Davis EL: Survey of ethical issues in dental research. J Dent Res 1996; 75:845-855.
- Bhopal RS, Rankin JM, McCol E et al.: The vexed question of authorship: views of researchers in a British medical faculty. BMJ 1997; 314:1009-1012.
URL
- Drenth JPH: Multiple authorship: the contribution of senior authors. JAMA 1998; 280:219-221.
http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/jama/vol_280/no_3/jpv71032.htm
- Eastwood S, Derish P, Leash E, Ordway S: Ethical issues in biomedical research: perceptions and practices of postdoctoral research fellows responding to a survey. Sci Eng Ethics 1996; 2:89-114.
- Flanagin A, Carey LA, Fontanarosa PB et al: Prevalence of articles with honorary authors and ghost authors in peer-reviewed medical journals. JAMA 1998; 280:222-224.
http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/jama/vol_280/no_3/jpv80004.htm
- Goodman NW (1994): Survey of fulfillment of criteria for authorship in published medical research. British Medical Journal 309:1482.
- Hoen WP, Walvoort HC, Overbeke AJPM: What are the factors determining authorship and the order of the authors' names: A study among authors of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde (Dutch Journal of Medicine). JAMA 1998; 280:217-218. URL
- Kalichman MW, Friedman PJ: A pilot study of biomedical trainees' perceptions concerning research ethics. Acad d 1992; 67:769-75.
- Moulopoulos SD, Sideris DA, Georgilis KA: Individual contributions to multiauthor papers. BMJ 1983; 287:1608-10.
- Shapiro DW, Wenger NS, Shapiro MF (1994): The contributions of authors to multiauthored biomedical research papers. 271(6):438-42.
- Stone RM: Coauthors' contributions to major papers published in the AJR: frequency of undeserved authorship. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 167:571-9.
- Yank V, Rennie D: Disclosure of Researcher Contributions: A Study of Original Research Articles in The Lancet
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Redefining Authorship: Contributors
- [Various respondents] (1997): Authorship (responses to editorial by R Smith). BMJ 315:744-8.
- Godlee F (1996): Definition of "authorship" may be changed. Br Med J 312:1501-1502
- Horton R (1998): The unmasked carnival of science. Lancet 351:688-9.
- Horton R, Smith R (1996): Time to redefine authorship. A conference to do so [editorial]. Br Med J 312:723.
- Horton R, Smith R (1996): Signing up for authorship [editorial]. Lancet 347:780.
- Leash E (1996): Do we need to redefine authorship? Conference on authorship, University of Nottingham, UK, 6 June 1996. Oral Diseases 2:244-5.
- Lundberg GD, Glass RM (1996): What does authorship mean in a peer-reviewed medical journal? [editorial] JAMA 276:75.
- Rennie D, Flanagin A, Yank V (2000): The contributions of authors. JAMA 5;284(1):89-91.
- Rennie D, Yank V (1998): If authors became contributors, everyone would gain, especially the reader. Am J Public Health. 88(5):828-30.
- Rennie D, Yank V, Emanuel L (1997): When authorship fails: a proposal to make contributors accountable.[abstract available] JAMA 278:579-585.
http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/jama/vol_278/no_7/jsc6298a.htm
- Smith R (1997): Authorship: time for a paradigm shift? The authorship system is broken and may need a radical solution. BMJ 314:992.
- Yank V, Rennie D (1999): Disclosure of researcher contributions: a study of original research articles in The Lancet. Ann Intern Med. 130(8):661-70.
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Misconduct and Gift Authorship
- [Anonymous] (1987): Fraud, libel and the literature. Nature 325:181-2.
- Braunwald E (1987): On analysing scientific fraud. Nature 325:215-6.
- Dan B (1983): The paper chase. JAMA 249:2872-3.
- Engler RL, Covell JW, Friedman PJ, Kitcher PS, Peters RM (1987): Misrepresentation and responsibility in medical research. New Engl J Med 317:1383-9.
- Engler RL, Covell JW, Friedman PJ, Kitcher PS, Peters RM (1988): Misrepresentation and responsibility in medical research [letter]. N Engl J Med 318:1395-1396.
- [Various respondents] (1988): Misrepresentation and responsibility in medical research (responses to Engler et al.). New Engl J Med 318:1395-6.
- Knox RA (1983): Deeper problems for Darsee: Emory probe. JAMA 249:2867-76.
- Relman AS (1983): Lessons from the Darsee affair. N Engl J Med 308:1415-1417.
- Smith J (1994): Gift authorship: a poisoned chalice? Not usually, but it devalues the coinage of scientific publication. BMJ 309:1456-1457.
- Stewart WW, Feder N (1987): The integrity of the scientific literature. Nature 325:207-14.
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Other Authorship Issues
- [Anonymous] (1993): Are academic institutions corrupt? Lancet 342:315-6.
- [Anonymous] (1997): Games people play with authors' names. Nature 387:831.
- Angell M (1986): Publish or perish: a proposal. Ann Intern Med 104:261-262.
- Broad WJ (1982): Crisis in publishing: credit or credibility? Science 32:645-7.
- CSE Editorial Policy Committee (1990): Ethics and policy in scientific publication. Bethesda, MD: Council of Biology Editors, Inc; pp. 175-180.
- Horowitz HW, Fiebach NH, Levitz SM, Seibel J, Smail EH, Telzak EE, Wormser GP, Nadelman RB, Montecalvo M, Nowakowski J, Raffalli J (1996): Ode to multiauthorship: a multicentre, prospective random poem. Lancet 348:1746.
- Huth EJ (1986): Abuses and uses of authorship. Ann Intern Med 104:266-267.
- Huth EJ (1993): Uses and abuses of scientific authorship: can and should they be controlled? In: Cheney D, ed. Ethical Issues in Research. Frederick, MD: University Publishing Group, pp 57-63.
- Huth EJ (1997): Authorship standards: progress in slow motion. CSE Views 20:127-132.
- Kassirer JP, Angell M (1991): On authorship and acknowledgments. N Engl J Med 325:1510-1512.
- Knight J (1997): Multiple authorship. Science 275:461.
- Leash E (1997): Is it time for a new approach to authorship? J Dent Res 76:724-727.
- Oliver MF (1995): Al, or the anonymity of authorship. Lancet 345:668.
- Pitkin RM (1987): Pride of authorship. Obstet Gynecol 70:401-402.
- Rennie D, Flanagin A (1994): Authorship! Authorship! Guests, ghosts, grafters, and the two-sided coin. JAMA 271:469-471.
- Stossel TP (1987): Volume: papers and academic promotion. Ann Intern Med 106:146-9.
- Wilcox LJ (1998): Authorship: the coin of the realm, the source of complaints. JAMA 280:216-217.
http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/jama/vol_280/no_3/jpv71009.htm
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Guidelines: Writing and Publication
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Writing for Publication
- Asilomar Working Group on Recommendations for Reporting of Clinical Trials in the Biomedical Literature (1996): Checklist of information for inclusion in reports of clinical trials. Annals of Internal Medicine 124(8):741-743.
Designed for quick reference and use in writing, peer reviewing, or teaching about clinical trials and other clinical reports, this one-page checklist provides a model for reports of clinical trials, and can be extrapolated in use to most clinical reports.
- Booth V (1993): Communicating in Science: Writing a Scientific Paper and Speaking at Scientific. Meetings. (2nd ed.) Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. Covers both writing and speaking in science. Useful information but not nearly as comprehensive or entertaining as Robert Day's book. (78 pp.)
- Browner Warren S (1999): Publishing and Presenting Clinical Research. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 206 pp.
Written from a researcher's point of view in a common-sense format, this book features practical examples and checklists to help in planning each element of a manuscript, presentation, or poster.
- CBE Style Manual Committee (1983): CBE Style Manual: A Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers in the Biological Sciences, Fifth Edition, revised and expanded. Bethesda, MD: Council of Biology Editors, 324 pp.
- Council of Biology Editors Scientific Illustration Committee (1988): Illustrating Science: Standards for Publication. Bethesda, MD: Council of Biology Editors.
- Day RA (1995): Scientific English. A Guide for Scientists and Other Professionals. 2nd edition. Oryx Press, Phoenix.
- Day RA (1998): How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. 5th ed., Oryx Press, Phoenix. Considered by many to be the definitive text on paper writing, Day takes the "how to" approach and his entertaining writing style makes the book both enjoyable and instructive. (275 pp.)
- Editorial Policy Committee, Council of Biology Editors (1990): Ethics and Policy in Scientific Publication Bethesda, MD: Council of Biology Editors, 290 pp.
- Greenhalgh T (1997): How to Read a Paper. The Basics of Evidence Based Medicine. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 184 pp.
Excellent, concise, fast-reading book that refreshes skills in critical reading and writing.
- Huth EJ (1998): Writing and Publishing in Medicine, Third Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,
One of the very best available books on how to write a paper.
- Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF, for the QUOROM Group (1999): Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. The Lancet 354:1896-1900.
This paper, with its checklist and flow diagram, is useful for writing clinical reports because it addresses how to search the literature effectively and make a competent review.
- Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG, for the CONSORT Group (2001): The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials. Lancet 357:1191-1194; Annals of Internal Medicine 134:657-662; JAMA 285:1987-1991; http://www.consort-statement.org.
This updated revision of the standard for randomized controlled clinical trials is in the readily usable form of a one-page checklist and flow chart.
- Style Manual Committee of the Council of Biology Editors under the leadership of Edward J. Huth (1994): Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, Sixth Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 825 pp.
- Woodford, FP (Ed.) (1986): Scientific Writing for Graduate Students. Prepared by the Committee on Graduate Training in Scientific Writing, Council of Biology Editors. Bethesda: Council of Biology Editors, Inc.
- Woodford FP (with Goode ME, Gastel B) (1999): How to Teach Scientific Communication. A Council of Biology Editors Manual. Bethesda: Council of Biology Editors, Inc., 199 pp. [Available from: Council of Science Editors, 11250 Roger Bacon Drive, Suite 8, Reston, Virginia 20190; tel 703-437-4377; fax 703-435-4390.]
Although titled as a guide for teachers of scientific writing, this book is equally useful to the working scientist who must publish or perish.
- Woolf PK (1987): Ensuring integrity in biomedical publication. JAMA 258:3424-3427.
- Zeiger M (1999): Essentials of Writing Biomedical Research Papers, Second Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 420 pp.
Probably the broadest in scope and most highly detailed of the textbooks on writing a biomedical research paper
AUTHORSHIP: Criteria | Studies | Contributorship | Misconduct | Other
PUBLICATION: Guidelines | Writing | Peer Review
Peer Review
- Bailar J, M Angell, S Boots, E Myers, N Palmer, M Shipley, P Woolf. (1990). Ethics and Policy in Scientific Publication. Editorial Policy Committee, Council of Biology Editors, Bethesda, MD . Contains 19 short cases excellent for class discussion on matters pertaining to scientific publication.(290 pp.).
- CBE Peer Review Retreat Consensus Group (1995): Peer review guidelines - A working draft. CBE Views 18(5):79-81.
- First International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication (1990): Guarding the Guardians: Research on Editorial Peer Review. Selected Proceedings. JAMA 263:1309-1456.
- Lock S (1985): A Difficult Balance: Editorial Peer Review in Medicine, ISI Press, Philadelphia.
- Second International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication (1994): Selected proceedings from the Congress sponsored by the American Medical Association. JAMA 272:79-174.
- Varki A (1994): The Screening Review system: Fair or Foul? (Editorial) J Clin Invest 93: 1871-1874.
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